Rootstock Foundry Starter kit

Whether you’re a seasoned developer or just starting your journey into smart contract development, the foundry starter kit provides a solid foundation for building decentralized applications (dApps) on the Rootstock network.

Rootstock is fully EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) compatible. It brings the power of smart contracts to Bitcoin, allowing developers to leverage Bitcoin’s security while benefiting from Ethereum’s ecosystem.

Prerequisites

Before starting the dApp, make sure to have the following prerequisites:

1. Familiarity with Smart Contracts:

   • If you’re new to smart contracts, consider learning the basics. Understanding how smart contracts work will enhance your experience with Rootstock development.

2. Foundry installation using Foundryup:

• This installing information is taken from the official Foundry documentation, in case you need to go in detail.
• Foundryup is the official installer for the Foundry toolchain. You can learn more about it here.
• If you encounter any issues during installation, refer to the Foundryup FAQ for assistance.
• Precompiled binaries can be downloaded from the Foundry GitHub releases page. For easier management, we recommend using Foundryup.

To install Foundry in your system, run the following command:

curl -L https://foundry.paradigm.xyz | bash

This will install Foundryup. Simply follow the on-screen instructions, and the foundryup command will become available in your CLI.

Running foundryup will automatically install the latest (nightly) versions of the precompiled binaries: forge, cast, anvil, and chisel. For additional options, such as installing a specific version or commit, run foundryup --help.

NOTE: If you’re using Windows, you’ll need to install and use Git BASH or WSL as your terminal, since Foundryup currently doesn’t support Powershell or Command Prompt (Cmd).

3. Basic Knowledge of Foundry:

• Familiarity with Foundry's core concepts and functionalities is recommended. If you're new to Foundry, refer to the Rootstock Foundry Guide.

Rootstock Blockchain Developer Course

Learn how to write, test, secure, deploy and verify smart contracts on the Rootstock blockchain network. Enroll for the Rootstock Blockchain Developer Course.

Setting Up the Sample dApp

Clone the Repository

Open your terminal or command prompt and run the following command to clone the repository from GitHub:

git clone https://github.com/rsksmart/rootstock-foundry-starterkit.git

Install Dependencies

Navigate to the cloned repository folder:

cd rootstock-foundry-starterkit

Install all required dependencies using forge:

forge install OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts

Obtain Rootstock Testnet and Mainnet RPC URLs

This section will walk you through adding Rootstock Testnet and Mainnet RPC URLs to your development environment. These URLs are essential for connecting your application to the Rootstock network and interacting with smart contracts.

There are two ways to obtain RPC URLs:

Using Public RPC URLs

• Visit the MetaMask Integration on the Rootstock Dev Portal. This guide provides instructions on setting up MetaMask for Rootstock. While following these steps, pay close attention to the sections on adding custom networks. You'll find the RPC URLs for Rootstock Testnet and Mainnet listed.

Using RPC API

• Create an account at the Rootstock RPC API. Once logged in, navigate to your dashboard and copy the API Key.

Adding environment variables to your project

After obtaining the RPC URLs, create a file named .env in your project's root directory (important: this file should not be committed to version control). Add the necessary environment variables to the .env file:

PRIVATE_KEY: Your private key (e.g., from your Metamask account details).

NOTE: Make sure the private key you paste, starts with 0x, if does not contain it, please put 0x before your private key. (0x123...)

Running tests to an ERC20 Token Contract

This section runs tests on an ERC20 token contract (fungible token), this is done according to the script located at test/Erc20Token.t.sol. It does test deployment, minting, and transfer of tokens.

For this, run the next forge command:

forge test

It should return an output similar to the following:

Compiler run successful!

Ran 2 tests for test/Erc20Token.t.sol:ERC20TokenTest
[PASS] testInitialSupply() (gas: 9849)
[PASS] testTransfer() (gas: 43809)
Suite result: ok. 2 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 8.73ms (1.51ms CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 143.90ms (8.73ms CPU time): 2 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (2 total tests)

NOTE: If you need additional tests, or want to go deep on this step, visit the Foundry Tests Documentation.

Deploying an ERC20 Token Contract

This section deploys an ERC20 token contract (fungible token) on the Rootstock network. This contract is located at src/Erc20Token.sol file, it uses the script located at script/Deploy.s.sol for this operation.

Run the following command, replacing https://public-node.testnet.rsk.co with either rskTestnet or rskMainnet rpc url if you have, depending on your desired deployment environment:

forge script script/Deploy.s.sol --rpc-url https://public-node.testnet.rsk.co --broadcast --legacy

Info

• EIP-1559 is not supported or not activated on the Rootstock RPC url
• The --legacy flag is passed to use legacy transactions instead of EIP-1559.
• You can remove the --broadcast flag if you wan to simulate the transaction without broadcasting it.

If you get an error like Transaction dropped from the mempool: <tx-id> or the transaction not completed, check the tx-id in the explorer. The tx may have went successful but the error is still in the logs. Here are the mainnet and testnet explorers.

Also you can see the transaction registry locally, by checking the folder broadcast/Deploy.s.sol/ and opening the file called run-latest.json, if you check the fields, there is one called contractAddress which contains the new address deployed for our ERC20 smart contract.

The result should look like this:

Sending transactions [0 - 0].
⠁ [00:00:00] [###############################################################################################################################################] 1/1 txes (0.0s)##
Waiting for receipts.
⠉ [00:00:25] [###########################################################################################################################################] 1/1 receipts (0.0s)
##### 31
✅  [Success]Hash: 0x48ea2b06b39cd436a2d7564e20ea5bb598ddc2769e6b18c855170f0e9e4d5687
Contract Address: 0x499e802a6825d30482582d9b9dd669ba82ba8ba4
Block: 5071408
Gas Used: 106719

==========================

ONCHAIN EXECUTION COMPLETE & SUCCESSFUL.
Total Paid: 0. ETH (106719 gas * avg 0 gwei)

Interacting with the Contract

If the contract is already deployed, then you can interact with it using cast this command allows you to interact with the contract, in this case, read the balance of an account.

Reading the Balance of an Account

In your terminal, run the following command, replacing the placeholders with actual values:

cast call <contract_address> "balanceOf(address)(uint256)" <wallet_address> --rpc-url <rpc_url>

The result should look like this:

1000000000000000000000 [1e21]

Final Comments

Explore and be curious about the folders and files of this starter kit. You'll learn how to import .env variables for deploying smart contracts, test smart contracts with solidity. Feel free to customize this starter kit to suit your project’s needs. Happy coding!